CO-TRACE
CO-TRACE
  • Home
  • About
    • About CO-TRACE
    • The CO-TRACE Team
    • CO-TRACE Partners
  • Resources
    • Teachers Resources
    • Outputs
    • Project materials
  • Get Involved
  • More
    • Home
    • About
      • About CO-TRACE
      • The CO-TRACE Team
      • CO-TRACE Partners
    • Resources
      • Teachers Resources
      • Outputs
      • Project materials
    • Get Involved
  • Home
  • About
    • About CO-TRACE
    • The CO-TRACE Team
    • CO-TRACE Partners
  • Resources
    • Teachers Resources
    • Outputs
    • Project materials
  • Get Involved

OUTPUTS

CO-TRACE Work Packages

To achieve the aim of gaining generalisable understandings for the best ways to occupy and operate schools safely in the light of possible COVID-19 infections, the research on this project was divided into 3 work packages:


  1. Experiments and numerical modelling,
  2. Assessment of relative and absolute risks of COVID-19,
  3. Dissemination, design for risk and reporting of risk.

Work Package 1: Experiments and numerical modelling

Work Package Aim: We will conduct full-scale field measurements, and small-scale laboratory experiments on flows within schools, initially focused on classrooms. These will be supplemented by simulations of these buoyant turbulent airflows, and the aerosol transport within, for a range of indoor school environments. 

WP1.1 Full-scale field studies (pptx)

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WP1.2 Laboratory investigations (pdf)

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WP1.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations (pptx)

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WP2 Assessment of relative and absolute risks of COVID-19

Work Package Aim: Tools and techniques will be developed and deployed to quantify the risk of airborne spread within indoor spaces in schools based on usage, occupancy and ventilation. Scenario testing will be enabled that informs beneficial changes within schools, alongside informing design and retrofitting of spaces. We will work closely with the DfE, school building contractors, ventilation providers and school senior leaders to develop test scenarios and oversee the implementation of any chosen mitigation and monitor/report the effectiveness thereof. 

WP2.1 Winter 2020: Existing classroom CO2 data will be analysed (pptx)

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WP2.2 Classifying schools based on risk quantified from monitored CO2 (pptx)

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WP2.3 Spatio-temporal infection risk and hotspot identification (pptx)

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WP2.4 The role of schools in the pandemic spread and the R-number (pptx)

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WP3. Dissemination, design for risk and reporting of risk

Work Package Aim: Outputs will be developed so teachers and school leaders can assess the risks in their schools and take appropriate measures using a spreadsheet and online tools. Online and in room ‘traffic light’ warning systems will be developed reporting real-time and scenario-based risk. In addition, the new knowledge acquired (WP1&2) will be communicated to the DfE, school building contractors, ventilation providers and directly to school leaders at quarterly partner meetings and via a project website and social media. 

WP3.1 Risk informed design and retrofit guidance (pptx)

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WP3.2 Traffic light airborne infection risk reporting (pptx)

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WP3 Dissemination and communication (pptx)

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PUBLICATIONS

Interventions for improving indoor and outdoor air quality in and around schools


Rawat, N., Kumar, P. (2023) Interventions for improving indoor and outdoor air quality in and around schools. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 858, Part 2.


Access the Open Access article here:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159813 

Using empirical science education in schools to improve climate change literacy


Kumar, P., Sahani, J., Rawat, N., Debele, S., Tiwari, A., Emygdio, A. P. M., Abhijith, K. V., Kukadia, V., Holmes, K., Pfautsch, S. (2023) Using empirical science education in schools to improve climate change literacy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 178.


Access the Open Access article here:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113232 

Impact of ionizers on prevention of airborne infection in classroom


Ren, C., Haghighat, F., Feng, Z., Kumar, P., Cao, S.J. (2022)  Impact of ionizers on prevention of airborne infection in classroom. Building Simulation. 


Access the Open Access article here:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12273-022-0959-z 

A global challenge for smart and healthy care homes for the elderly.


Wu, H., Kumar, P., Yu, C. W., Cao, S. (2022) A global challenge for smart and healthy care homes for the elderly. Indoor and Built Environment.


Access the Open Access article here: https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X221103381 

A parent-school initiative to assess and predict air quality around a heavily trafficked school


Kumar, P., Omidvarborna, H., Yao, R. (2022) A parent-school initiative to assess and predict air quality around a heavily trafficked school.  Science of The Total Environment.


Access the Open Access article here:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160587 

Micro-characteristics of a naturally ventilated classroom air quality under varying air purifier placements


Kumar, P., Rawat, N., Tiwari, A.  (2022) Micro-characteristics of a naturally ventilated classroom air quality under varying air purifier placements.  Environmental Research.


Access the Open Access article here:   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114849 

The ventilation of buildings and other mitigating measures for COVID-19: a focus on wintertime. 


Burridge, H. C., Bhagat, R. K., Stettler, M. E. J., Kumar, P., De Mel, I. Demis, P., Hart, A., Johnson-Llambias, Y., Felipe King, M., Klymenko, O., McMillan, A., Morawiecki, P., Pennington, T., Short, M., Sykes, D., Trinh, P. H., Wilson, S. K., Wong, C., Wragg, H., Davies Wykes, M. S., Iddon, C., Woods, A. W., Mingotti, N., Bhamidipati, N., Woodward, H., Beggs, C., Davies, H., Fitzgerald, S., Pain, C., Linden, P. F. (2021) The ventilation of buildings and other mitigating measures for COVID-19: a focus on wintertime. Proc. R. Soc. 


Access the Open Access article here: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0855 

Predictive and retrospective modelling of airborne infection risk using monitored carbon dioxide


Burridge, H. C., Fan, S., Jones, R. L., Noakes, C. J., Linden, P. F. (2021) Predictive and retrospective modelling of airborne infection risk using monitored carbon dioxide. Indoor and Built Environment.


Access the Open Access article here:  https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X211043564 

 The nexus between in-car aerosol concentrations, ventilation and the risk of respiratory infection


Kumar, P., Omidvarborna, H., Tiwaria, A., Morawska, L. (2021) The nexus between in-car aerosol concentrations, ventilation and the risk of respiratory infection. Environment International.


Access the Open Access article here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106814 

Efficacy of facemasks in mitigating respiratory exposure to submicron aerosols


Sharma, A., Omidvarborna, H., Kumar, P. (2021) Efficacy of facemasks in mitigating respiratory exposure to submicron aerosols. Journal of Hazardous Materials. Available online 8 August 2021, 126783.


Access the Open Access article here: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126783 

Seasonal variation in airborne infection risk in schools due to changes in ventilation inferred from monitored carbon dioxide


Vouriot, C. V. M., Burridge, H. C., Noakes, C. J., Linden, P. F. (2021) Seasonal variation in airborne infection risk in schools due to changes in ventilation inferred from monitored carbon dioxide. Indoor Air, 31 (4), pp. 1154-1163 


Access the Open Access article here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ina.12818


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